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BPSC 2025 — Science & Technology Questions with Answers

All 40 Science & Technology previous-year questions from BPSC 2025, each with the correct answer and a full explanation. Practise them as a free, timed mock test with instant scoring.

1. Q1.Agricultural Technology

   Write short answer of the following questions : Explain how science and technology is helping in agricultural productivity and food preservations.

2. Q2.Cyber Security

   Write short answer of the following questions : What is cyber crime ? Write different types of cyber crime and explain how technology is helping to minimize such crimes ?

3. Q3.Applications of Science

   Write short answer of the following questions : "We need science and technology in every sphere of life beginning from the treatment of diseases, such as cancer to book a train/air ticket". Justify the statement.

4. Q4.Biotechnology

   Write short answer of the following questions : Describe how technology of DNA fingerprinting helps in the area of forensic science.

5. Q5.Education Technology

   Write short answer of the following questions : What is STEM education ? Describe how it is useful in providing quality education in different regions of Bihar to prepare students for the future workforce.

6. Q6.Defence Technology

   Write short answer of the following questions : Explain how the drone technology in India is helping extensively in various areas of national security. Justify with suitable examples.

7. Q7.Space Technology

   Discuss how the significant milestones, like Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan have enhanced the significance of India's space program globally ? Also mention how these space missions are helpful in the sectors like agriculture, disaster management and urban planning.

8. Q8.Information Technology

   Or : What do you understand by WiFi ? Explain how it is helped in the development of economy, infrastructure and higher education in India.

9. Q9.Policy

   निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा विज्ञान, प्रौद्योगिकी और नवाचार नीति 2020 का परिणाम नहीं है?

   • a)एक राष्ट्र, एक सदस्यता
   • b)अनुसंधान और विकास उत्कृष्टता फ्रेमवर्क
   • c)अटल इनोवेशन मिशन
   • d)उपरोक्त में से एक से अधिक

   Explanation: The Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy 2020 (STIP 2020) proposed initiatives like 'One Nation, One Subscription' (ONOS) and the 'Research and Development Excellence Framework' (RDEF) as its outcomes. However, the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) was launched in 2016 by NITI Aayog, predating STIP 2020. Therefore, AIM is not an outcome of STIP 2020.

10. Q10.Physics — Friction

    हम एक लकड़ी के बक्से को 200 न्यूटन बल लगाकर नियत वेग से फर्श पर ढकेलते हैं। सीमान्त घर्षण बल होगा:

    • a)200 न्यूटन
    • b)100 न्यूटन
    • c)300 न्यूटन
    • d)400 न्यूटन

    Explanation: When an object moves at a constant velocity, the net force acting on it is zero. This means the applied force is balanced by the frictional force. Therefore, if the applied force is 200 N, the limiting frictional force is also 200 N.

11. Q11.Physics — Laws of Motion

    एक ट्रक विराम अवस्था से किसी पहाड़ी से नीचे की ओर नियत त्वरण से लुढ़कना शुरू करता है। यह 20 सेकेण्ड में 400 मीटर की दूरी तय करता है। यदि ट्रक का द्रव्यमान 7 टन है, तो इस पर लगने वाला बल होगा:

    • a)12000 न्यूटन
    • b)11000 न्यूटन
    • c)13000 न्यूटन
    • d)14000 न्यूटन

    Explanation: Given initial velocity (u) = 0 m/s, time (t) = 20 s, distance (s) = 400 m, and mass (m) = 7 tons = 7000 kg. Using the equation s = ut + (1/2)at², we find acceleration (a) = 2 m/s². Then, using F = ma, the force is 7000 kg * 2 m/s² = 14000 N.

12. Q12.Physics — Energy

    किसी घर में एक महीने में ऊर्जा की खपत 250 यूनिट होती है, तो कुल ऊर्जा जूल में होगी:

    • a)8×10⁶
    • b)9×10⁵
    • c)9×10⁸
    • d)10⁶

    Explanation: One unit of electrical energy is equal to 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh). 1 kWh = 3.6 × 10⁶ Joules. So, 250 units = 250 × 3.6 × 10⁶ J = 900 × 10⁶ J = 9 × 10⁸ J.

13. Q13.Physics — Work & Energy

    बैलों की एक जोड़ी खेत जोतते समय हल पर 140 न्यूटन का बल लगाती है। जोता गया खेत 15 मीटर लम्बा है। खेत की लम्बाई को जोतने में किया गया कार्य:

    • a)2000 जूल
    • b)1900 जूल
    • c)2100 जूल
    • d)2200 जूल

    Explanation: Work done (W) is calculated as Force (F) multiplied by displacement (d). Given F = 140 N and d = 15 m, W = 140 N × 15 m = 2100 J.

14. Q14.Physics — Optics

    समतल दर्पण की फोकस दूरी होती है:

    • a)−1 सेमी
    • b)+1 सेमी
    • c)2 सेमी
    • d)अनन्त

    Explanation: A plane mirror produces a virtual image that appears to be at an infinite distance behind the mirror. Since it does not converge or diverge light rays to a real or virtual focus at a finite distance, its focal length is considered to be infinite.

15. Q15.Physics — Electricity

    निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा पद विद्युत परिपथ में विद्युत शक्ति को निरूपित नहीं करता है?

    • a)IR²
    • b)I²R
    • c)VI
    • d)V²/R

    Explanation: The standard formulas for electric power (P) are P = VI, P = I²R, and P = V²/R. The term IR² does not represent electric power.

16. Q16.Chemistry — Acids & Bases

    0.1 N HCl विलयन का pH मान लगभग होता है:

    • a)11.0
    • b)1.0
    • c)10
    • d)2.0

    Explanation: HCl is a strong acid, so it completely dissociates. For 0.1 N HCl, the concentration of H⁺ ions is 0.1 M (or 10⁻¹ M). The pH is calculated as -log[H⁺], which gives pH = -log(10⁻¹) = 1.

17. Q17.Chemistry — Materials

    रात में चमकने वाले वर्णक (glow pigment) के रूप में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा रासायनिक जाना जाता है?

    • a)कॉपर सल्फाइड डोप्ड जिंक ऑक्साइड
    • b)यूरोपियम डोप्ड स्ट्रोंटियम एलुमिनेट
    • c)बेरियम सल्फेट डोप्ड कॉपर कार्बोनेट
    • d)बोरॉन ऑक्साइड डोप्ड कॉपर सल्फेट

    Explanation: Europium-doped strontium aluminate is widely recognized as a superior glow-in-the-dark pigment due to its high brightness and long afterglow compared to older materials like zinc sulfide.

18. Q18.Chemistry — Polymers

    PHBV बायोडिग्रेडेबल पॉलीमर का पूर्ण रूप है:

    • a)पॉली हाइड्रॉक्सी ब्यूटेन वेलेरिक एसिड
    • b)पॉलीहाइड्रॉक्सी ब्यूटाइल वैनिलीन
    • c)पॉली(3-हाइड्रॉक्सीब्यूटाइरेट-co-3-हाइड्रॉक्सीवैलेरेट)
    • d)पॉली हाइड्रॉक्सी ब्यूटाइरिक एसिड वेलेरिक एसिड

    Explanation: PHBV is a biodegradable polymer, a copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate. Its full name is Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate).

19. Q19.Biology — Immunology

    संक्रमण की प्रतिक्रिया में बनने वाली पहली इम्युनोग्लोबुलिन की श्रेणी कौन-सी है?

    • a)IgA
    • b)IgG
    • c)IgM
    • d)IgE

    Explanation: IgM is the first class of antibody produced by plasma cells in response to an initial exposure to an antigen. It is a large pentameric antibody found mainly in the blood and lymph fluid.

20. Q20.Biology — Cell Biology

    जैविक झिल्ली (Biological membranes) किससे बनी होती है?

    • a)लिपिड और प्रोटीन के विभिन्न संयोजन जो प्रत्येक प्रजाति, कोशिका प्रकार और अंग के लिए विशिष्ट होते हैं
    • b)केवल लिपिड
    • c)केवल प्रोटीन
    • d)उपरोक्त में से कोई नहीं

    Explanation: Biological membranes are primarily composed of a lipid bilayer with various proteins embedded within it or associated with its surface. The specific composition of lipids and proteins varies greatly, making each membrane unique to its function and location.

21. Q21.Biology — Molecular Biology

    निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा एक नॉन-सेंस (nonsense) कोडन है?

    • a)AUG
    • b)UAA
    • c)UUU
    • d)UGC

    Explanation: Nonsense codons, also known as stop codons, do not code for any amino acid but instead signal the termination of protein synthesis. The three stop codons are UAA, UAG, and UGA. AUG is the start codon.

22. Q22.Biology — Botany

    पौधों में जाइलम (Xylem) निम्नलिखित कार्य के लिए जिम्मेदार है:

    • a)भोजन का परिवहन
    • b)घुली हुई खनिजों का परिवहन
    • c)ऑक्सीजन और अन्य गैसों का परिवहन
    • d)अमीनो एसिड का परिवहन

    Explanation: Xylem is one of the two transport tissues in vascular plants, primarily responsible for transporting water and dissolved mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant.

23. Q23.Biology — Plant Taxonomy

    पौधों के वर्गीकरण में संवहनी ऊतकों (vascular tissues) की विशेषताओं का उपयोग करने वाले पहले व्यक्ति कौन थे?

    • a)एंगलर और प्रांटल
    • b)बेंथम और हूकर
    • c)ए. पी. डी. कांडोले
    • d)उपरोक्त में से एक से अधिक

    Explanation: Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle was one of the first botanists to extensively use anatomical features, including the characteristics of vascular tissues (e.g., distinguishing monocotyledons and dicotyledons based on vascular bundles), in his system of plant classification.

24. Q24.Biology — Ecology

    माइकोराइजा (Mycorrhiza) संबंध में, पौधे का लाभ है:

    • a)सुरक्षा
    • b)भोजन
    • c)(A) और (B) दोनों
    • d)खनिजों का बढ़ा हुआ अवशोषण और रोगों से सुरक्षा

    Explanation: In a mycorrhizal relationship, the fungi extend the root system, significantly increasing the surface area for water and nutrient absorption (especially phosphorus) for the plant. They also provide protection against certain root pathogens and improve drought resistance.

25. Q25.Space Missions (2025)

    इसरो के GSLV-F15 मिशन के बारे में क्या सत्य है?

    • a)इससे NVS-02 उपग्रह को ले जाया गया
    • b)यह श्रीहरिकोटा से इसरो का 101वां प्रक्षेपण था
    • c)यह श्रीहरिकोटा से इसरो का 100वां प्रक्षेपण था
    • d)उपरोक्त में से एक से अधिक

    Explanation: While GSLV-F15 is not a currently announced mission, and GSLV-F12 carried NVS-01, options B and C are definitively false as ISRO has conducted well over 101 launches from Sriharikota (the 100th was PSLV-C21 in 2012). Therefore, assuming the question refers to a planned or hypothetical future mission, option A is the most plausible, implying a future GSLV mission (possibly F15) could carry NVS-02.

26. Q26.Space

    Consider the following statements: Statement I : Scientific studies suggest that a shift is taking place in the Earth's rotation and axis. Statement II : Solar flares and associated coronal mass ejections bombarded the Earth's outermost atmosphere with tremendous amount of energy. Statement III : As the Earth's polar ice melts, the water tends to move towards the equator. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    • a)Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
    • b)Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
    • c)Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
    • d)Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
27. Q27.Energy

    With reference to 'Direct Air Capture', an emerging technology, which of the following statements is/are correct? I. It can be used as a way of carbon sequestration. II. It can be a valuable approach for plastic production and in food processing. III. In aviation, it can be a source of carbon for combining with hydrogen to create synthetic low-carbon fuel. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    • a)I and II only
    • b)III only
    • c)I, II and III
    • d)None of the above statements is correct
28. Q28.Botany

    Consider the following pairs: Plant Description I. Cassava : Woody shrub II. Ginger : Herb with pseudostem III. Malabar spinach : Herbaceous climber IV. Mint : Annual shrub V. Papaya : Woody shrub How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

    • a)Only two
    • b)Only three
    • c)Only four
    • d)All the five
29. Q29.Energy

    Consider the following types of vehicles: I. Full battery electric vehicles II. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles III. Fuel cell-electric hybrid vehicles How many of the above are considered as alternative powertrain vehicles?

    • a)Only one
    • b)Only two
    • c)All the three
    • d)None
30. Q30.Aviation

    With reference to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), consider the following statements: I. All types of UAVs can do vertical landing. II. All types of UAVs can do automated hovering. III. All types of UAVs can use battery only as a source of power supply. How many of the statements given above are correct?

    • a)Only one
    • b)Only two
    • c)All the three
    • d)None
31. Q31.Chemistry

    In the context of electric vehicle batteries, consider the following elements: I. Cobalt II. Graphite III. Lithium IV. Nickel How many of the above usually make up battery cathodes?

    • a)Only one
    • b)Only two
    • c)Only three
    • d)All the four
32. Q32.Chemistry

    Consider the following substances: I. Ethanol II. Nitroglycerine III. Urea Coal gasification technology can be used in the production of how many of them?

    • a)Only one
    • b)Only two
    • c)All the three
    • d)None
33. Q33.Chemistry

    What is the common characteristic of the chemical substances generally known as CL-20, HMX and LLM-105, which are sometimes talked about in media?

    • a)These are alternatives to hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants
    • b)These are explosives in military weapons
    • c)These are high-energy fuels for cruise missiles
    • d)These are fuels for rocket propulsion
34. Q34.Information Technology

    Consider the following statements: I. It is expected that Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum computing. II. Majorana 1 chip has been introduced by Amazon Web Services (AWS). III. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning. How many of the statements given above are correct?

    • a)Only one
    • b)Only two
    • c)All the three
    • d)None
35. Q35.Biotechnology

    With reference to monoclonal antibodies, often mentioned in news, consider the following statements: I. They are man-made proteins. II. They stimulate immunological function due to their ability to bind to specific antigens. III. They are used in treating viral infections like that of Nipah virus. Which of the statements given above are correct?

    • a)I and II only
    • b)II and III only
    • c)I and III only
    • d)I, II and III
36. Q36.Chemistry

    Consider the following statements: Statement I: Some rare earth elements are used in the manufacture of flat television screens and computer monitors. Statement II: Some rare earth elements have phosphorescent properties. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    • a)Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
    • b)Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I
    • c)Statement I is correct but Statement II is not correct
    • d)Statement I is not correct but Statement II is correct
37. Q37.Railway Technology

    Consider the following statements: I. Indian Railways have prepared a National Rail Plan (NRP) to create a 'future ready' railway system by 2028. II. 'Kavach' is an Automatic Train Protection system developed in collaboration with Germany. III. 'Kavach' system consists of RFID tags fitted on track in station section. Which of the statements given above are not correct?

    • a)I and II only
    • b)II and III only
    • c)I and III only
    • d)I, II and III
38. Q38.Space

    Consider the following space missions: I. Axiom-4 II. SpaDeX III. Gaganyaan How many of the space missions given above encourage and support micro-gravity research?

    • a)Only one
    • b)Only two
    • c)All the three
    • d)None
39. Q39.Defence

    With reference to India's defence, consider the following pairs: Aircraft type Description I. Dornier-228 : Maritime patrol aircraft II. IL-76 : Supersonic combat aircraft III. C-17 Globemaster III : Military transport aircraft How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

    • a)Only one
    • b)Only two
    • c)All the three
    • d)None
40. Q40.Space Technology

    GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) uses a system of ground stations to provide necessary augmentation. Which of the following statements is/are correct in respect of GAGAN? I. It is designed to provide additional accuracy and integrity. II. It will allow more uniform and high quality air traffic management. III. It will provide benefits only in aviation but not in other modes of transportation. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    • a)I, II and III
    • b)II and III only
    • c)I only
    • d)I and II only