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UPSC CSE Mains 2021 — Indian Polity & Governance Questions with Answers

All 13 Indian Polity & Governance previous-year questions from UPSC CSE Mains 2021, each with the correct answer and a full explanation. Practise them as a free, timed mock test with instant scoring.

1. Q1.Judiciary

   'Constitutional Morality' is rooted in the Constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets. Explain the doctrine of 'Constitutional Morality' with the help of relevant judicial decisions.

2. Q2.Judiciary

   Discuss the desirability of greater representation to women in the higher judiciary to ensure diversity, equity and inclusiveness.

3. Q3.Constitutional & Statutory Bodies

   How have the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission of India enabled the states to improve their fiscal position?

4. Q4.Legislature

   To what extent, in your view, is the Parliament able to ensure accountability of the executive in India?

5. Q5.Non-State Actors

   "Pressure groups play a vital role in influencing public policy making in India." Explain how the business associations contribute to public policies.

6. Q6.Policies & Schemes

   "'Earn while you learn' scheme needs to be strengthened to make vocational education and skill training meaningful." Comment.

7. Q7.Federalism

   The jurisdiction of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) regarding lodging an FIR and conducting probe within a particular state is being questioned by various States. However, the power of States to withhold consent to the CBI is not absolute. Explain with special reference to the federal character of India.

8. Q8.Policies & Schemes

   Though the Human Rights Commissions have contributed immensely to the protection of human rights in India, yet they have failed to assert themselves against the mighty and powerful. Analyzing their structural and practical limitations, suggest remedial measures.

9. Q9.Constitution & Rights

   Analyze the distinguishing features of the notion of Equality in the Constitutions of the USA and India.

10. Q10.Legislature

    Explain the constitutional provisions under which Legislative Councils are established. Review the working and current status of Legislative Councils with suitable illustrations.

11. Q11.Legislature

    Do Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees keep the administration on its toes and inspire reverence for parliamentary control? Evaluate the working of such committees with suitable examples.

12. Q12.Policies & Schemes

    "Though women in post-Independent India have excelled in various fields, the social attitude towards women and the feminist movement has been patriarchal." Apart from women education and women empowerment schemes, what interventions can help change this milieu?

13. Q13.Civil Services

    Can Civil Society and Non-Governmental Organizations present an alternative model of public service delivery to benefit the common citizen? Discuss the challenges of this alternative model.