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UPSC CSE Mains 2024 — Geography Questions with Answers
All 61 Geography previous-year questions from UPSC CSE Mains 2024, each with the correct answer and a full explanation. Practise them as a free, timed mock test with instant scoring.
Practice Geography as a timed test →- Q1.Geomorphology
What are 'truncated spurs'? Where and how are they formed?
- Q2.Climatology
Formation of temperate cyclone depends on the condition of axis of dilation. Elucidate.
- Q3.Oceanography
With suitable examples explain the factors causing sea level changes.
- Q4.Biogeography & Environmental Geography
Examine the impacts of social forestry in socio-economic transformation of rural areas.
- Q5.Biogeography & Environmental Geography
Mountain regions are more fragile to ecological changes. Elucidate.
- Q6.Geomorphology
Examine the recent views on mountain building process and divide the world mountains on the basis of their genesis.
- Q7.Climatology
Describe latitudinal distribution of Koppen's classification of world climate.
- Q8.Oceanography
With suitable sketches elaborate the bottom topography of the Indian Ocean.
- Q9.Climatology
Explain air masses and associated weather dynamics. How do air masses influence the weather conditions of the Northern Hemisphere?
- Q10.Biogeography & Environmental Geography
"Soil erosion is creeping death." Explaining the statement, suggest various soil conservation measures.
- Q11.Biogeography & Environmental Geography
Perception, Attitude, Value and Emotion (PAVE) are important components for biodiversity and sustainable environmental conservation. Elaborate.
- Q12.Climatology
How is carbon neutrality essential for future environmental conservation? Describe various efforts taken by nations in this regard.
- Q13.Geomorphology
What is a Yazoo stream? Why are Yazoo basins the areas of repeated flooding? Give examples of Yazoo stream/areas from various parts of the world.
- Q14.Biogeography & Environmental Geography
"The latitudinal gradient in species richness is an important geographic trend in biodiversity." Examine the statement.
- Q15.Human Geography: Thought, Political & Cultural
Critically examine the significance of Behavioural Approach in the development of human geography.
- Q16.General Geography
"While scarcity of water resources are felt locally, but its causes are increasingly global." Comment.
- Q17.Settlement & Regional Planning
Central Business Districts (CBDs) are in decline as the economic core of metropolitan cities. Critically examine.
- Q18.Human Geography: Thought, Political & Cultural
There is a need for gender-sensitive regional development. Elaborate.
- Q19.Economic Geography & Location Theory
Explain the theoretical framework and stages of economic growth proposed by Rostow's model.
- Q20.General Geography
The urbanisation process is particularly pronounced in Asia and Africa, where too many urban residents grapple with extreme poverty, exclusion, vulnerability and marginalisation. Discuss.
- Q21.Human Geography: Thought, Political & Cultural
Explain how the physical view of geographical space has impacted the forms of spatial analysis.
- Q22.Human Geography: Thought, Political & Cultural
Explain the Heartland theory with reference to contemporary geopolitical scenario of the world.
- Q23.Economic Geography & Location Theory
Explain the basis of D. Whittlesey's classification of agricultural regions of the world.
- Q24.Human Geography: Thought, Political & Cultural
What is Transnationalism? Why has the scale and scope of transnational linkages of diaspora multiplied in recent times?
- Q25.General Geography
Assess the criteria required for selecting regions for developmental planning.
- Q26.Economic Geography & Location Theory
What is complementary region? With reference to hierarchy of settlements, describe the different types of complementary regions as proposed by Christaller.
- Q27.Economic Geography & Location Theory
Analyse the spatial changes and emerging patterns of semiconductor manufacturing in the world.
- Q28.Population & Settlement Geography
"In developed countries, migration rather than fertility will be the main driver of population dynamics over the next few decades." Examine the statement.
- Q29.Map-Based Locational (India)
On the outline map of India, mark the location of the following and write the significance of each in not more than 30 words: (i) Lunkaransar, (ii) Gua, (iii) Raidak River, (iv) Ekta Nagar, (v) Chandanwari, (vi) Babina, (vii) Tatipaka, (viii) Along Airport, (ix) Karaikal, (x) Panna.
- Q30.Physical Geography of India
Discuss the basis of various explanations for the formation of the Shiwalik.
- Q31.Environment, Conservation & Development
Conservation and breeding centres are important components of the Action Plan for Vulture Conservation, 2020-2025. Why?
- Q32.Political, Regional & Contemporary India
North-Eastern States of India are geopolitically sensitive and strategically significant. Explain.
- Q33.Agriculture & Rural India
Institutional factors are playing a dominant role in controlling agricultural prosperity in India. Justify with evidence.
- Q34.Resources, Industry & Economy of India
The Indian Space Policy, 2023 supports commercial presence in space. In what ways will it benefit the socio-economic development and security of India?
- Q35.Urbanisation & Settlement of India
Discuss the process of formation of conurbations in India and describe their problems.
- Q36.Political, Regional & Contemporary India
India has wide-ranging regional disparities in economic development. Explain the patterns, implications and challenges.
- Q37.Physical Geography of India
Discuss the variations in the nature of glaciers in India and the emerging issues due to climate change.
- Q38.Resources, Industry & Economy of India
Domestic tourism in India has immense local resource potential. Discuss the reasons and its various dimensions.
- Q39.Population & Tribal India
Migration is the reflection of regional disparities. What socio-economic and demographic consequences are experienced at the place of origin and destination?
- Q40.Population & Tribal India
In spite of various tribal area development programmes in India, tribal areas still lag behind. Discuss critically with examples.
- Q41.Environment, Conservation & Development
Water scarcity is an important cause of disputes and conflicts in India. Suggest innovative methods for location-based solutions.
- Q42.Physical Geography of India
How are geographic factors influencing the distribution of high annual rainfall in certain parts of India?
- Q43.Population & Tribal India
Indian population belongs to a large number of races. Discuss the spatial distribution of major races.
- Q44.Agriculture & Rural India
Examine the transitional role of technology on the Indian agriculture sector.
- Q45.Physical Geography of India
Describe the area-specific strategies for the development of drought-prone areas in India.
- Q46.General Geography
Examine the relationship between seaports and regional development in India.
- Q47.Resources, Industry & Economy of India
Industrial waste is diversified. Discuss the potentials and challenges associated with it.
- Q48.Population & Tribal India
How is the cultural background of the States of India reflected in the attributes of sex and age structure?
- Q49.Urbanisation & Settlement of India
Discuss the targets of focused interventions of the Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain, 2024 in rural and urban areas.
- Q50.Political, Regional & Contemporary India
India is playing a very significant role in world affairs. Examine the stands taken by India in important global and regional summits.
- Q51.Political, Regional & Contemporary India
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act devolved functions, finances and functionaries for planning of rural areas in India. Discuss the major achievements with examples.
- Q52.Agriculture & Rural India
How do small and fragmented landholdings affect the agro-ecological system in rural India? What are the resilient steps needed to overcome this issue?
- Q53.Urbanisation & Settlement of India
How can the morphology of Indian towns be described historically? Discuss the major features of the first planned city in India after independence.
- Q54.General Geography
Health is the outcome of interaction between physical setting, cultural traits and ecological connection. Explain.
- Q55.Urbanisation & Settlement of India
What are the major regional rapid transit systems developed in India? How are urban problems being addressed by them?
- Q56.Climatology
What is sea surface temperature rise? How does it affect the formation of tropical cyclones?
- Q57.Climatology
What is the phenomenon of 'cloudbursts'? Explain.
- Q58.Physical Geography
The groundwater potential of the Gangetic Valley is on a serious decline. How may it affect the food security of India?
- Q59.Climatology
What are aurora australis and aurora borealis? How are these triggered?
- Q60.Climatology
What is a twister? Why are the majority of twisters observed in areas around the Gulf of Mexico?
- Q61.Physical Geography
What is regional disparity? How does it differ from diversity? How serious is the issue of regional disparity in India?
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