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UPSC CSE Mains 2023Sociology Questions with Answers

All 56 Sociology previous-year questions from UPSC CSE Mains 2023, each with the correct answer and a full explanation. Practise them as a free, timed mock test with instant scoring.

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  1. Q1.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Write short answers, with a sociological perspective, on the following questions in about 150 words each: Highlight the significant features of A.R. Desai's 'Dialectical Perspective' to study Indian Society.

  2. Q2.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Write short answers, with a sociological perspective, on the following questions in about 150 words each: "The decade of 1950s was the golden period of village studies in Indian Sociology." Explain the statement.

  3. Q3.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Write short answers, with a sociological perspective, on the following questions in about 150 words each: Analyse the differences between the attributional and interactional approach in studying the caste system.

  4. Q4.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Write short answers, with a sociological perspective, on the following questions in about 150 words each: Are Tradition and Modernity antithetical to each other? Comment.

  5. Q5.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Write short answers, with a sociological perspective, on the following questions in about 150 words each: Discuss the main features of Land Reforms in post-independence India.

  6. Q6.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Do you agree with the view of Andre Beteille that India's villages are representative of Indian society's basic civilizational values? Present a sociological overview.

  7. Q7.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Elaborate the salient features and the role of the middle class in India's democracy and development.

  8. Q8.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Analyse the role of market and modern forces in understanding the changing trends in marriage systems in India.

  9. Q9.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Contextualize Louis Dumont's concept of 'binary opposition' with reference to caste system in India.

  10. Q10.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Define the concepts of 'Descent' and 'Alliance'. Differentiate between North Indian and South Indian Kinship systems with examples.

  11. Q11.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Critically examine the concept of Sanskritization with suitable illustrations.

  12. Q12.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Analyse the perspectives of Isolation, Assimilation and Integration in understanding the trajectories of Indian Tribal Development.

  13. Q13.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Explain the implications and the impact of globalization in situating the changing agrarian class structure in India.

  14. Q14.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Critique the victory narratives of Green Revolution in the context of Indian society.

  15. Q15.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Write short answers, with a sociological perspective, on the following questions in about 150 words each: Citing some case studies, expand the concept of 'Development-induced Displacement'.

  16. Q16.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Write short answers, with a sociological perspective, on the following questions in about 150 words each: Examine the concept of 'Cultural Pluralism' in the context of India's Unity in Diversity.

  17. Q17.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Write short answers, with a sociological perspective, on the following questions in about 150 words each: Highlight the salient features of the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020.

  18. Q18.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Write short answers, with a sociological perspective, on the following questions in about 150 words each: Analyse the sociological interconnections between Social Media and Mass Mobilization in India.

  19. Q19.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Write short answers, with a sociological perspective, on the following questions in about 150 words each: Discuss the nature of regional variations in sex ratio in India, stating reasons thereof.

  20. Q20.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    How do you account for the increasing significance of religion in public and personal spheres in the context of secularization thesis in India? Explain.

  21. Q21.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    In the face of rising global climatic concerns, how do you contextualize the relevance of Chipko Movement and its Gandhian tone? Answer analytically.

  22. Q22.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    What actionable measures would you suggest to curb the recurrent child labour menace in India?

  23. Q23.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Do you think that the decades of Dalit political mobilizations and movements have helped in strengthening India's democracy? Substantiate your arguments with facts.

  24. Q24.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    What is 'reverse migration'? Discuss its features, causes and consequences in India.

  25. Q25.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Discuss the phenomenon of rural-urban continuum with suitable examples.

  26. Q26.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Explain the thematic linkages between 'Patriarchy' and 'Honour killing' in India, citing some recent cases.

  27. Q27.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    Discuss the challenges faced by the cooperative movements in India. Suggest measures to strengthen the movement at the grass-roots level.

  28. Q28.Sociology Optional — Paper II

    What is 'Ageing'? Discuss the major problems of aged people in India.

  29. Q29.Research Methods & Methodology

    What is the distinctiveness of the feminist method of social research? Comment.

  30. Q30.Sociological Theory & Thinkers

    Discuss the relationship between sociology and political science.

  31. Q31.Sociological Theory & Thinkers

    How does the dramaturgical perspective enable our understanding of everyday life?

  32. Q32.Sociological Theory & Thinkers

    Is reference group theory a universally applicable model? Elucidate.

  33. Q33.Social Stratification & Mobility

    Do you think that the boundary line between ethnicity and race is blurred? Justify your answer.

  34. Q34.Sociological Theory & Thinkers

    What, according to Robert Michels, is the iron law of oligarchy? Do lions and foxes in Vilfredo Pareto’s theory, essentially differ from each other? Substantiate.

  35. Q35.Sociological Theory & Thinkers

    What is historical materialism? Examine its relevance in understanding contemporary societies.

  36. Q36.Research Methods & Methodology

    What are variables? How do they facilitate research?

  37. Q37.Research Methods & Methodology

    What are the characteristics of scientific method? Do you think that scientific method in conducting sociological research is foolproof? Elaborate.

  38. Q38.Kinship, Marriage & Family

    How do you assess the changing patterns in kinship relations in societies today?

  39. Q39.Sociological Theory & Thinkers

    Is Weber’s idea of bureaucracy a product of the historical experiences of Europe? Comment.

  40. Q40.Research Methods & Methodology

    Do you think that common sense is the starting point of social research? What are its advantages and limitations? Explain.

  41. Q41.Social Stratification & Mobility

    How is poverty a form of social exclusion? Illustrate in this connection the different dimensions of poverty and social exclusion.

  42. Q42.Religion & Society

    Highlight the differences and similarities between totemism and animism.

  43. Q43.Social Change & Movements

    Examine the relevance of corporate social responsibility in a world marked by increasing environmental crises.

  44. Q44.Politics, Movements & Democracy

    How is civil society useful in deepening the roots of democracy?

  45. Q45.Religion & Society

    What functions does religion perform in a pluralistic society?

  46. Q46.Kinship, Marriage & Family

    Analyze critically David Morgan’s views on family practices.

  47. Q47.Kinship, Marriage & Family

    Does women’s education help to eradicate patriarchal discriminations? Reflect with illustrations.

  48. Q48.Research Methods & Methodology

    What are the different dimensions of qualitative method? Do you think that qualitative method helps to gain a deeper sociological insight? Give reasons for your answer.

  49. Q49.Sociological Theory & Thinkers

    Explain Max Weber’s theory of social stratification. How does Weber’s idea of class differ from that of Marx?

  50. Q50.Research Methods & Methodology

    What are the ethical issues that a researcher faces in making use of participant observation as a method of collecting data? Explain.

  51. Q51.Work & Economic Life

    Explain how economic globalization has brought changes in the patterns of employment in the 21st century.

  52. Q52.Social Change & Movements

    Do you think that the social media has brought significant changes in the forms of protest? Argue your case.

  53. Q53.Social Change & Movements

    Assess critically A. G. Frank’s ‘theory of development of underdevelopment’.

  54. Q54.Work & Economic Life

    What is Taylorism? Analyze its merits and demerits.

  55. Q55.Religion & Society

    What are new religious movements? Elaborate emphasizing their forms and orientations.

  56. Q56.Science Technology & Society

    Examine the role of science and technology in addressing age-old taboos and superstitions.

UPSC CSE Mains 2023 — other subjects

Sociology — other years

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