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UPPSC 2025 — Indian & World Geography Questions with Answers

All 51 Indian & World Geography previous-year questions from UPPSC 2025, each with the correct answer and a full explanation. Practise them as a free, timed mock test with instant scoring.

1. Q1.Monsoon, El-Nino, and Monsoon Theories

   Examine critically the recent theories of the origin of monsoon and discuss the effects of El-nino on monsoon.

2. Q2.Urbanization, Socio-economic problems, Sustainable urban development

   Discuss the socio-economic problems associated with urbanization. What structural measures are necessary for sustainable urban development?

3. Q3.Forest Resources and Conservation

   Examine the forest resources of India and explain the principles of conservation which could be applied to improve the forest wealth of India.

4. Q4.Continental Shelf, Mineral and Energy Resources

   "India's continental shelf is a store house of mineral and energy resources". Critically examine this statement with suitable examples.

5. Q5.Frontiers, Boundaries, Geopolitics

   Differentiate between frontiers and boundaries and present a detailed account on the types of boundaries giving suitable examples from Indian subcontinent.

6. Q6.Glaciers in India

   Examine the variations in nature of glaciers in India.

7. Q7.Mangroves, Coral Reefs, and Marine Resource Management

   How do India's mangroves and corals reefs contribute to marine resource management ?

8. Q8.Sino-Indian Border Dispute

   Examine the origin, dimensions and implications of Sino-Indian border dispute.

9. Q9.Geography

   Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): The interior part of Australia is desert and semi-desert. Reason (R): Northern Australia is situated in the temperate zone. Select the correct answer from the code given below: Code:

   • a)(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
   • b)(b) (A) is false, but (R) is true
   • c)(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
   • d)(d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

   Explanation: Assertion (A) is true as a significant portion of Australia's interior is covered by deserts and semi-deserts due to its geographical location and climate patterns. Reason (R) is false because Northern Australia lies in the tropical zone, not the temperate zone.

10. Q10.Geography

    Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer using the code given below the lists: List-I (Atomic Power Plant) A. Kudankulam B. Kakrapar C. Kaiga D. Rawatbhata List-II (State) 1. Karnataka 2. Tamil Nadu 3. Rajasthan 4. Gujarat

    • a)A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
    • b)A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
    • c)A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
    • d)A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
11. Q11.Geography

    Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer using the code given below the lists. List - I (Iron-ore Mines) A. Gurumahisani B. Bailadila C. Noamundi D. Kudremukh List - II (State) 1. Jharkhand 2. Karnataka 3. Odisha 4. Chhattisgarh

    • a)(a) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
    • b)(b) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
    • c)(c) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
    • d)(d) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

    Explanation: The correct matches are: Gurumahisani (A) is in Odisha (3), Bailadila (B) is in Chhattisgarh (4), Noamundi (C) is in Jharkhand (1), and Kudremukh (D) is in Karnataka (2). This corresponds to option (d).

12. Q12.Geography

    Which of the following rivers falls into the Arabian Sea? 1. Periyar 2. Pennar 3. Palar Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

    • a)(a) only 1
    • b)(b) only 3
    • c)(c) 2 and 3
    • d)(d) 1 and 2
13. Q13.Environment/Geography

    The Appiko Movement is associated with which of the following Indian States ? 1.Uttarakhand 2.Uttar Pradesh 3. Kerala 4. Karnataka Select the correct answer from the code given below:

    • a)(a) 1 and 2
    • b)(b) Only 4
    • c)(c) 3 and 4
    • d)(d) Only 1

    Explanation: The Appiko Movement was a forest conservation movement that originated in the Western Ghats of Karnataka in 1983. It was inspired by the Chipko Movement and aimed to protect forests from commercial felling.

14. Q14.Current Affairs / Geography / Infrastructure

    Which of the following statement/s is/are correct with reference to the new Pavan Bridge? 1. It has been constructed by Rail Vikas Nigam Limited, which is a public sector unit under the Ministry of Railways. 2. It is India's first vertical lift railway sea bridge. Select the correct answer from the code given below:

    • a)(a) Only 2
    • b)(b) Neither 1 nor 2
    • c)(c) 1 and 2 both
    • d)(d) Only 1
15. Q15.Geography

    The Suez Canal connects which of the following? 1. Atlantic Ocean 2. Red Sea 3. Mediterranean Sea 4. Indian Ocean Select the correct answer from the code given below:

    • a)(a) 1 and 3
    • b)(b) 3 and 4
    • c)(c) 2 and 3
    • d)(d) 1 and 2
16. Q16.Geography

    Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer using the code given below the lists. List-I (Refinery) A. Nayara B. Manali C. Numaligarh D. Tatipaka List-II (State) 1. Assam 2. Gujarat 3. Andhra Pradesh 4. Tamil Nadu Code: (a) 1 3 4 2 (b) 3 1 4 2 (c) 3 1 2 4 (d) 1 3 2 4

    • a)(a) 1 3 4 2
    • b)(b) 3 1 4 2
    • c)(c) 3 1 2 4
    • d)(d) 1 3 2 4

    Explanation: The correct matching of refineries with their respective states is: Nayara Energy Refinery - Gujarat (A-2), Manali Refinery - Tamil Nadu (B-4), Numaligarh Refinery - Assam (C-1), and Tatipaka Refinery - Andhra Pradesh (D-3). Therefore, the correct code should be 2 4 1 3. However, this combination is not available in any of the given options.

17. Q17.Geography

    Which of the following pairs is/are NOT correctly matched? (Biosphere Reserve) (State) 1. Nokrek - Manipur 2. Manas - Assam 3. Agasthyamalai - Kerala Select the correct answer from the code given below: Code:

    • a)1 and 2
    • b)Only 3
    • c)2 and 3
    • d)Only 1

    Explanation: The Nokrek Biosphere Reserve is located in Meghalaya, not Manipur. Therefore, pair 1 is not correctly matched. Manas Biosphere Reserve is in Assam, and Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve is in Kerala (and Tamil Nadu), so pairs 2 and 3 are correctly matched. The question asks for the incorrectly matched pair(s).

18. Q18.Geography

    Which of the following pair(s) is/are correctly matched? (Railway Zone) - (Headquarter) 1. Northern Railway - New Delhi 2. North Eastern Railway - Gorakhpur 3. South Eastern Railway - Cuttack Choose the correct answer from the code given below:

    • a)Only 1 and 2
    • b)Only 3
    • c)Only 2 and 3
    • d)Only 1
19. Q19.Geography

    Below are given two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Select the correct answer using the code given below: Assertion (A): Various types of vegetation are found in the Himalayan mountains. Reason (R): Climate varies with altitude in the Himalayas. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

    • a)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
    • b)(A) is false, but (R) is true.
    • c)(A) is true, but (R) is false.
    • d)Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
20. Q20.Geography

    Which of the following pairs is/are NOT correctly matched? (Tribe) (Habitat) 1. Bushman - Kalahari Desert 2. Eskimo - Northern Canada 3. Pygmy - Congo Basin 4. Masai - West Africa Select the correct answer from the code given below:

    • a)Only 1, 2 and 3
    • b)Only 4
    • c)Only 3 and 4
    • d)Only 1

    Explanation: The Bushman, Eskimo, and Pygmy pairs are correctly matched with their habitats. However, the Masai tribe primarily inhabits East Africa (Kenya and Tanzania), not West Africa. Therefore, pair 4 is not correctly matched.

21. Q21.Geography

    The Gobi Desert is spread across which of the following countries? 1. Mongolia 2. China 3. Russia 4. Kazakhstan Select the correct answer from the code given below:

    • a)(a) Only 1 and 2
    • b)(b) Only 1, 2 and 4
    • c)(c) Only 1, 2 and 3
    • d)(d) Only 1

    Explanation: The Gobi Desert is primarily located in parts of northern and northwestern China and southern Mongolia. It does not extend into Russia or Kazakhstan.

22. Q22.Geography

    Arrange the following states of India in ascending order of their area and select the correct answer using the code given below: 1. Haryana 2. Himachal Pradesh 3. Punjab 4. Uttarakhand

    • a)(a) 1, 3, 2, 4
    • b)(b) 3, 1, 4, 2
    • c)(c) 3, 1, 2, 4
    • d)(d) 1, 3, 4, 2
23. Q23.Geography

    Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists. List-I (State) A. Tamil Nadu B. Rajasthan C. Nagaland D. Madhya Pradesh List-II (Highest Peak) 1. Dhupgarh 2. Doddabetta 3. Guru Shikhar 4. Saramati Code:

    • a)(a) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
    • b)(b) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
    • c)(c) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
    • d)(d) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
24. Q24.Geography

    Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer by using the code given below the lists. List-I (Coal Field) List - II (Country) A. Appalachian 1. England B. Lancashire 2. Germany C. Ruhr 3. Russia D. Kuzbass 4. USA Code: A B C D (a) 4 1 2 3 (b) 1 4 3 2 (c) 1 4 2 3 (d) 4 1 3 2

    • a)(a) 4 1 2 3
    • b)(b) 1 4 3 2
    • c)(c) 1 4 2 3
    • d)(d) 4 1 3 2

    Explanation: The Appalachian coal field is located in the USA. The Lancashire coal field is in England. The Ruhr coal field is a major industrial region in Germany. The Kuzbass (Kuznetsk Basin) is a large coal basin in Russia.

25. Q25.Geography

    With reference to 'Atal Tunnel' which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. This tunnel is the world's longest highway tunnel. 2. This tunnel is built in the Pir Panjal range of Himalayas. Select the correct answer from the code given below: Code:

    • a)(a) Only 2
    • b)(b) Neither 1 nor 2
    • c)(c) Both 1 and 2
    • d)(d) Only 1

    Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. While the Atal Tunnel is a significant engineering feat and was the world's longest highway tunnel above 10,000 feet when opened, it is not the world's longest highway tunnel overall (e.g., Lærdal Tunnel in Norway is longer). Statement 2 is correct. The Atal Tunnel is built under the Rohtang Pass in the Pir Panjal range of the Himalayas.

26. Q26.Geography

    Which of the following countries is/are NOT a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council? 1. Bahrain 2. Iran 3. Iraq 4. Qatar Select the correct answer from the code given below: Code:

    • a)(a) 2 and 3
    • b)(b) 3 and 4
    • c)(c) Only 3
    • d)(d) Only

    Explanation: The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) consists of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Iran and Iraq are not members of the GCC.

27. Q27.Geography

    Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists. List-I List-II (Port) (State) A. Paradip 1. Tamil Nadu B. Tuticorin 2. Kerala C. Kakinada 3. Odisha D. Alappuzha 4. Andhra Pradesh Select the correct answer using the code given below:

    • a)(a) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
    • b)(b) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
    • c)(c) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
    • d)(d) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
28. Q28.Geography

    Which of the following pair/pairs is/are not correctly matched? (Pass) (State/Union Territory) 1. Lipulekh - Ladakh 2. Nathu La - Sikkim 3. Bomdila - Arunachal Pradesh 4. Shipki La - Himachal Pradesh Choose the correct answer from the code given below:

    • a)(a) Only 1 and 2
    • b)(b) Only 2, 3 and 4
    • c)(c) Only 1, 2 and 3
    • d)(d) Only 1
29. Q29.Geography/Environment

    Which of the following Ramsar wetland site is/are NOT situated in Uttar Pradesh? 1. Sarsai Nawar Jheel 2. Samaspur Bird Sanctuary 3. Rudrasagar Lake 4. Sultanpur National Park Select the correct answer from the code given below: Code:

    • a)(a) 1 and 3
    • b)(b) 3 and 4
    • c)(c) 2 and 3
    • d)(d) 1 and 2

    Explanation: Sarsai Nawar Jheel and Samaspur Bird Sanctuary are located in Uttar Pradesh. Rudrasagar Lake is in Tripura, and Sultanpur National Park is in Haryana. Therefore, Rudrasagar Lake and Sultanpur National Park are not situated in Uttar Pradesh.

30. Q30.Geography

    With reference to 'Brazil' which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The equatorial rainforests of Brazil are called "Selvas". 2. The dark black colour fertile land here is called "Terra Roxa". Select the correct answer from the code given below: Code:

    • a)(a) Only 2
    • b)(b) Neither 1 nor 2
    • c)(c) Both 1 and 2
    • d)(d) Only 1

    Explanation: The equatorial rainforests of Brazil are indeed known as "Selvas". However, "Terra Roxa" is a distinctive reddish-purple soil, not dark black, found in Brazil, known for its fertility, especially for coffee cultivation.

31. Q31.Geography

    Which of the following pairs is/are NOT correctly matched ? (City) (River) 1. Budapest - Danube 2. Cologne - Rhine 3. New Orleans - Missouri 4. Hyderabad (India) - Paleru Select the correct answer from the code given below: Code:

    • a)(a) Only 1, 2 and 3
    • b)(b) Only 3 and 4
    • c)(c) Only 2, 3 and 4
    • d)(d) Only 1 and 2

    Explanation: Budapest is on the Danube River and Cologne is on the Rhine River, so these are correctly matched. New Orleans is situated on the Mississippi River, not the Missouri River. Hyderabad (India) is located on the Musi River, not the Paleru River. Therefore, pairs 3 and 4 are not correctly matched.

32. Q32.Geography

    Which of the following is/are NOT a cold ocean current? 1. Agulhas current 2. Brazil current 3. Humboldt current 4. California current Select the correct answer from the code given below:

    • a)(a) 1 and 3
    • b)(b) 3 and 4
    • c)(c) 2 and 3
    • d)(d) 1 and 2

    Explanation: The Agulhas current and Brazil current are warm ocean currents. The Humboldt current (also known as the Peru current) and the California current are cold ocean currents. The question asks for currents that are NOT cold, which means warm currents.

33. Q33.Geography

    With reference to the Indian Ocean', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It was called by the Ancient Greeks as Erythraean Sea. 2. It is spread on the either side of equator. Select the correct answer from the code given below: Code:

    • a)(a) Only 2
    • b)(b) Neither 1 nor 2
    • c)(c) Both 1 and 2
    • d)(d) Only 1

    Explanation: Ancient Greek geographers referred to the Indian Ocean as the Erythraean Sea. The Indian Ocean indeed spans both north and south of the equator.

34. Q34.Geography

    According to the India State of Forest Report 2023, which of the following districts of Uttar Pradesh have more than 20% of their total area under forest? 1. Bahraich 2. Chandauli 3. Shravasti Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

    • a)(a) 1 and 2
    • b)(b) only 3
    • c)(c) 2 and 3
    • d)(d) only 1
35. Q35.Geography

    Which of the following districts of Uttar Pradesh shares its boundary with only one other district of Uttar Pradesh? 1. Lalitpur 2. Saharanpur 3. Sonbhadra Select the correct answer from the code given below:

    • a)(a) Only 1 and 2
    • b)(b) All 1, 2 and 3
    • c)(c) Only 2 and 3
    • d)(d) Only 1

    Explanation: Lalitpur district is unique in Uttar Pradesh as it shares its boundary with only one other UP district, Jhansi. Saharanpur and Sonbhadra share boundaries with multiple UP districts.

36. Q36.Geography

    Consider the following sources of world water supply and arrange them in descending order. 1. Oceans 2. Rivers 3. Polar ice and Glaciers 4. Ground water Select the correct answer from the code given below: Code: (a) 1, 3, 4, 2 (b) 1, 2, 4, 3 (c) 1, 2, 3, 4 (d) 1, 4, 3, 2

    • a)(a) 1, 3, 4, 2
    • b)(b) 1, 2, 4, 3
    • c)(c) 1, 2, 3, 4
    • d)(d) 1, 4, 3, 2

    Explanation: The descending order of world water supply sources is: Oceans (approx. 97%), Polar ice and Glaciers (approx. 1.7-2%), Groundwater (approx. 0.6-1.7%), and Rivers (very small percentage).

37. Q37.Geography

    Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched? (Coal Producing Region) - (State) 1. Mawlong - Arunachal Pradesh 2. Raniganj - West Bengal Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

    • a)(a) only 2
    • b)(b) 1 and 2
    • c)(c) only 1
    • d)(d) neither 1 nor 2
38. Q38.Geography

    Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below: List-I (National Park/Wildlife Sanctuary) A. Dachigam B. Keoladeo C. Kanha D. Periyar List-II (State/Union Territory) 1. Madhya Pradesh 2. Rajasthan 3. Kerala 4. Jammu and Kashmir

    • a)A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
    • b)A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
    • c)A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
    • d)A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
39. Q39.Geography

    Which of the following pair is/are NOT correctly matched ? (Dam) (River) 1. Baglihar Dam - Chenab 2. Pandoh Dam - Ravi 3. Srisailam Dam - Tungabhadra Select the correct answer from the code given below: Code:

    • a)(a) 1 and 2
    • b)(b) Only 3
    • c)(c) 2 and 3
    • d)(d) Only 1

    Explanation: Baglihar Dam is on the Chenab River. Pandoh Dam is on the Beas River, not Ravi. Srisailam Dam is on the Krishna River, not Tungabhadra. Therefore, pairs 2 and 3 are not correctly matched.

40. Q40.Geography

    Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): The Himalayas form source of several large perennial rivers. Reason (R): The higher ranges of Himalayas are sriow covered throughout the year. Select the correct answer from the code given below: Code:

    • a)(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    • b)(b) (A) is false, but (R) is true
    • c)(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
    • d)(d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true. The Himalayas are indeed the source of many large perennial rivers, and this is because their higher ranges are covered in snow throughout the year, providing a continuous supply of water from snowmelt. Thus, (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

41. Q41.World Geography

    Consider the following countries: I. Bolivia II. Brazil III. Colombia IV. Ecuador V. Paraguay VI. Venezuela Andes mountains pass through how many of the above countries?

    • a)Only two
    • b)Only three
    • c)Only four
    • d)Only five
42. Q42.World Geography

    Consider the following water bodies: I. Lake Tanganyika II. Lake Tonlé Sap III. Patos Lagoon Through how many of them does the equator pass?

    • a)Only one
    • b)Only two
    • c)All the three
    • d)None
43. Q43.Earth Movements

    Which of the following are the evidences of the phenomenon of continental drift? I. The belt of ancient rocks from Brazil coast matches with those from Western Africa. II. The gold deposits of Ghana are derived from the Brazil plateau when the two continents lay side by side. III. The Gondwana system of sediments from India is known to have its counterparts in six different landmasses of the Southern Hemisphere. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    • a)I and III only
    • b)I and II only
    • c)I, II and III
    • d)II and III only
44. Q44.Atmospheric Processes

    Consider the following statements : Statement I : The amount of dust particles in the atmosphere is more in subtropical and temperate areas than in equatorial and polar regions. Statement II : Subtropical and temperate areas have less dry winds. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    • a)Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
    • b)Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I
    • c)Statement I is correct but Statement II is not correct
    • d)Statement I is not correct but Statement II is correct
45. Q45.Climatology

    Consider the following statements: Statement I: In January, in the Northern Hemisphere, the isotherms bend equatorward while crossing the landmasses, and poleward while crossing the oceans. Statement II: In January, the air over the oceans is warmer than that over the landmasses in the Northern Hemisphere. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    • a)Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
    • b)Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I
    • c)Statement I is correct but Statement II is not correct
    • d)Statement I is not correct but Statement II is correct
46. Q46.Earth Science

    Consider the following statements: Statement I: In the context of effect of water on rocks, chalk is known as a very permeable rock whereas clay is known as quite an impermeable or least permeable rock. Statement II: Chalk is porous and hence can absorb water. Statement III: Clay is not at all porous. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    • a)Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them
    • b)Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them
    • c)Statement I is correct but Statement II is not correct
    • d)Statement I is not correct but Statement II is correct
47. Q47.Indian Geography

    Consider the following pairs : State Description I. Arunachal Pradesh : The capital is named after a fort, and the State has two National Parks II. Nagaland : The State came into existence on the basis of a Constitutional Amendment III. Tripura : Initially a Part 'C' State, it became a centrally administered territory with the reorganization of States in 1956 and later attained the status of a full-fledged State How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

    • a)Only one
    • b)Only two
    • c)All the three
    • d)None
48. Q48.World Geography

    Consider the following countries: I. United Kingdom II. Denmark III. New Zealand IV. Australia V. Brazil How many of the above countries have more than four time zones?

    • a)All the five
    • b)Only four
    • c)Only three
    • d)Only two
49. Q49.World Geography

    Consider the following statements: I. Anadyr in Siberia and Nome in Alaska are a few kilometers from each other, but when people are waking up and getting set for breakfast in these cities, it would be different days. II. When it is Monday in Anadyr, it is Tuesday in Nome. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    • a)I only
    • b)II only
    • c)Both I and II
    • d)Neither I nor II
50. Q50.Economic Geography

    Consider the following pairs: Country : Resource-rich in I. Botswana : Diamond II. Chile : Lithium III. Indonesia : Nickel In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

    • a)Only one
    • b)Only two
    • c)All the three
    • d)None
51. Q51.World Geography

    Consider the following pairs: Region : Country I. Mallorca : Italy II. Normandy : Spain III. Sardinia : France In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

    • a)Only one
    • b)Only two
    • c)All the three
    • d)None